The Success Of Alibaba Company Essay - 1140 Words

Alibaba provides Chinese customers the option of being able to find whatever they need because they are linked to everyone that is in the market. Whether you are a large business or a small independent business, Alibaba gives you a chance to flourish. The Chinese market, which is very receptive to online shopping and these revolving around the internet makes the market easily penetrable for a company like Alibaba. Alibaba also benefits from not having any of their distribution centers near so they can keep their prices competitively low. Lastly, it’s also important to note that there are limits in the Chinese market, when it pertains to investment and financial services. 1. Given that Alibaba does not own or distribute any of the merchandise exchanged on its sites, describe what factors had to develop for the company to succeed. One of the main factors that was essential to the success of Alibaba was the commitment to distributing quality products. When building a company from the bottom you can only get it going by establishing brand loyalty and getting people talking about your products to new customers. If you push out poor quality products, it can have a negative effect on the reputation of Alibaba. Another thing to be cognizant of is the security of money and making sure that they comply with all regulations. Lastly, Alibaba has to separate themselves as a leader in the market. No more than ever, many companies are operating through the idea of online shopping. ThereShow MoreRelatedAlibaba: Competing in China and Beyond1395 Words   |  6 PagesAlibaba: Competing in China and Beyond Individual Report Intercultural Management Professor: Dr. Jacobo Ramirez Aalto University School of Economics Bachelor ´s Degree Program in International Business Mikkeli Campus September 3, 2012 Matti Uusivirta Introduction In this report I will examine the case â€Å"Alibaba: Competing in China and Beyond.† Alibaba under the leadership of Jack Ma, its founder has transformed into one of the most successful e-commerce companies in China. In the 2000s AlibabaRead MoreJack Ma1065 Words   |  5 Pages213 Vihang Jain 10.27.2014 Jack Ma’s Key to Success It’s a common saying â€Å"Where there is a will, there is a way† and a perfect example for this is the CEO of Alibaba, Jack Ma, who took the business world by storm with the largest IPO, exceeding the amount of 20 Billion dollars (CNBC, 2014). Despite being born in an underprivileged family, Jack Ma’s strong will to achieve his goals lead him to become one of the richest man in the world. Jack Ma’s success story is an inspiration to young adults, asRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Alibao As A Commercial Venture1199 Words   |  5 PagesCompany Establishment Alibaba.com In early 1999, Jack Ma and 17 other founders set up Alibaba. Alibaba first commercial venture is Alibaba.com, an online platform that linked SME of Chinese and international manufacturers and buyers. The main reason of Alibaba success development was improving customers’ satisfaction by listening closely to them. The proof is Alibaba had attracted 32m members in 2007, with operating profits and revenues of $105.3m and of $289.5m respectively. Customers satisfactionRead MoreAlibaba Case Study737 Words   |  3 PagesAlibaba: The World’s Largest E-tailer Is Not Amazon 1. As a digital retailer, how does Alibaba provide value to Chinese consumers? 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TaobaoRead MoreThe E Commerce Companys Strategy1724 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter services to its customers. The company put an innovative business model in which customers would try out the company’s services without any cost. As time progressed, the company was able to generate revenue from alternative means. In addition, the company began to generate revenue from an increase in the willingness of its users to pay for additional services. First mover advantage is referred to as a competitive advantage because it allows the first company to acquire superior brand recognitionRead MoreJack Ma (Ma, Yun), â€Å"Alibaba† of China’s E-Commerce Business835 Words   |  4 PagesJack Ma (Ma, Yun), â€Å"Alibaba† of China’s e-commerce business As a young Charismatic leader, how will Jack Ma overcome challenges of running a big business and get success when going forward? Alibaba Group, even only with 12years history, is one of the biggest e-commerce platforms for small businesses in the world. Its business includes: Alibaba.com, which is for small firms to find customers and suppliers without going through middlemen, has 57million users, nearly in every country. AnotherRead MoreChina E Commerce Market Analysis1564 Words   |  7 PagesAlibaba Case 1. Critically analyze the factors that led to Alibaba sustaining its leadership position in the Chinese e-commerce market. There are many factors that lead Alibaba to sustaining its leadership position in the Chinese e-commerce markets, some of the factors explained in the case are: †¢ First mover advantage was created when Alibaba enter the e-commerce market with the business to business transactions for small and medium business. 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Today, there are countless emerging successful ecommerce companies all around the world, but one that I closely explored and researched on is the Alibaba, which is the largest ecommerce company in China, and arguably one of the emerging company in the world. The Alibaba company found by one single person and his name is Jack Ma. He was born in rural side of southeast China to lower class family, and attended to a local

Gender Roles Of The American Film And Television Industry

Gender Slaves The America film and television industry’s excessive use of stereotypical gender roles has negatively influenced society. Stereotypical gender roles are based on standards expected of males and females. Men are considered to be financial providers, career motivated and aggressive. Whereas women have been represented as low position workers, loving wives and mothers. Despite television programs and films that attempt to promote positive concepts about gender, male superiority over women is still a reoccurring theme. Television programs and films are continuing to reinforce the image of female inferiority. The oppressive representation of women directly influences sexism ideologies. In â€Å"Putting the Me Back in Medical Drama: Grey’s Anatomy’s adventures in Mcfeminism,† Lara Hayhurst explains that males are placed at a higher pedestal than women regardless if the woman and man share the same position of power. While Lara Hayhurst argues that males are p laced in a higher pedestal, James Cameron’s award winning film Avatar encourages male dominance and sexism. The female characters are placed in a high position of status such as a scientist and a helicopter pilot. Although the film attempts to diverge from common gender stereotypes, the dominant male sex has more authority in the film. This essay discusses the issues of why women in the mass media continue to display as inferior to the man even when placed in a position of status. In addition, American isShow MoreRelatedThe White-Washed Screen: Misrepresentation Of Minorities817 Words   |  4 PagesMisrepresentation of Minorities in American Media Television and film is a huge part of American culture. As the â€Å"face† of America changes, it is expected for our media to reflect it. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Since the beginning of film, minorities have been misrepresented and underrepresented. While there has been a significant increase in minority actors since the beginning of film, there is still a huge underrepresentation present in American television and film. Our media needs to reflectRead MoreStar Trek Gender Sterotypes Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe Star Trek television series was truly a groundbreaking show not just for its plot lines and ideological messages, but also for its revolutionary cast. Two of the main actors were Jewish, one main actor was a gay Asian, and of course, one was a black woman. Uhura was one of the first main black characters on a television show – and of course, her kiss with Kirk was the first interracial kiss ever on television. For a show in the 1960s, Star Tr ek broke many barriers across religious, racial, butRead MoreCasablanca: The Exemplification of Film in the 1940s and 50s975 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same, and change never comes easy, especially for Americans. With the rise of popular culture in the 1940s and 50s, Hollywood film studios, music, television, and magazines became of great significance, considering that they were a key role in encouraging society to embrace changes and overcome our uncertainties. Enlisted by the United States government, the entertainment industry displayed various forms of wartime propaganda through films, radio, and even comic books. It was not unusual toRead MoreThe Coronet Instructional Film That I Would Be Analyzing Is The Short Film, Nature Of Sound1404 Words   |  6 Pagesinstructional film that I would be analyzing is the short film, Nature of Sound (1948). An informative short film that describes the behavior of sound with visuals, difficult concepts, and experiments. This film interest me not only because I, myself, a student that has taken higher end physics courses but because why is a video as nature of Sound featuring certain aspects as it is representing; and who are the targeted audience. 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Entertainment media can be uplifting and enjoyable, however, media normalizes damaging gender norms for men and women. Gender norms are rules believed to govern how the different sexes should look and act. People develop these behaviors by observing the world around them specifically the media. The media shapes how men and women develop standard gender norms. â€Å"In a climateRead MoreThe Science Fiction Film Genre Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe science-fiction film genre serves as an excellent medium for examining shifting power structures, social paranoia and Cold War politics during the 1950s. A number of films released during this period, including: Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Them (1954) and Attack of the 50ft Woman (1958), are particularly symptomatic of the social and political atmosphere of the time. 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It wasn’t until recently that female directors and producers have been known to create content under the category of â€Å"intimate dramas.† As such, content involving arm dealers, spies and super naturals have been regarded as unfit categories for female directors and producers. In fact, female directors have made â€Å"rom-coms†, political, violent and traumatic films for years, but because they were madeRead MoreThe Sexualization of Women Today1692 Words   |  7 PagesThe TV and Film Industry’s Portrayal of Women has drastically affected many of their lives, much too often women compare themselves to the female images they see on television, film, and advertisings; at both the conscious and subconscious level, these media images of women lower self-esteem and affect behavior at every age and stage of life. We know they are unrealistic, yet they apply so much pressure on women to conform, and influence how we live, love, work and play. This gender role that society

Development of Feminism Free Essays

The Feministic Movement that emerged in Europe in the 19th century was a major event that changed the perception of how females were generally thought of. The publication of Mary Wollstonecraft’s Vindication of the Rights of Women  (1792) and John Stuart Mill’s  The Subjection of Women  (1869) ideas, social movements, and individual feminists migrated across land and sea, generating a powerful new context for the advancement of women’s rights. In this era, women’s right and emancipation were used to refer to what we today call as feminism. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of Feminism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Early feminists included both men and women who advocated equality for women in public institutions such as the church and the government and in the family and household. Almost all feminists advocated their right to education and literacy above everything else. These ideas were mostly fueled by major social, intellectual, economical and cultural transformations in Europe and North America. Feminist Movement has been classified into three categories or ‘waves’ by scholars. The first wave focused mainly on women’s suffrage which was the right of a woman to vote and stand for election. Virginia Woolf’s ‘A Room of One’s Own’ described the hardships that women endured that were inflicted by men. She talked about how women were the upholders of society as they acted as mirrors to men. The first women right’s convention was held in Seneca, New York were a Declaration of Sentiments was signed that outlined the grievances of and set the agenda for women right movement. The first wave ended with the passing of the law that gave women the right to vote. The second wave of feminism focused on gender inequality through cultures. It focused on how educated women who were housewives were dissatisfied which led them to question if that was all that there was to their life. It talked about ending discrimination and led to women enrolling in medical school and pursuing careers. The third wave of feminism dealt with developing the different achievements of women and addressing the issues of race distinction, gender violence and reproductive rights, to name a few. The feministic movement liberated women from pre-conceived gender specific roles and their ability to make their own decisions in all walks of life. It gave women voting rights, employment opportunities and giving them the choice to have a family or not. The feminist movement continues even today with people like Gloria Steinem, Dionne Brand, Hillary Clinton, Kurt Cobain, Betty Ford, Urvashi Vaid, Sandra Oh, Naomi Wolf and Taslima Nasreen to name a few. The Feminist Movement has played a key role for the past century and continues to this day. How to cite Development of Feminism, Essay examples Development of Feminism Free Essays The Feministic Movement that emerged in Europe in the 19th century was a major event that changed the perception of how females were generally thought of. The publication of Mary Wollstonecraft’s Vindication of the Rights of Women  (1792) and John Stuart Mill’s  The Subjection of Women  (1869) ideas, social movements, and individual feminists migrated across land and sea, generating a powerful new context for the advancement of women’s rights. In this era, women’s right and emancipation were used to refer to what we today call as feminism. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of Feminism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Early feminists included both men and women who advocated equality for women in public institutions such as the church and the government and in the family and household. Almost all feminists advocated their right to education and literacy above everything else. These ideas were mostly fueled by major social, intellectual, economical and cultural transformations in Europe and North America. Feminist Movement has been classified into three categories or ‘waves’ by scholars. The first wave focused mainly on women’s suffrage which was the right of a woman to vote and stand for election. Virginia Woolf’s ‘A Room of One’s Own’ described the hardships that women endured that were inflicted by men. She talked about how women were the upholders of society as they acted as mirrors to men. The first women right’s convention was held in Seneca, New York were a Declaration of Sentiments was signed that outlined the grievances of and set the agenda for women right movement. The first wave ended with the passing of the law that gave women the right to vote. The second wave of feminism focused on gender inequality through cultures. It focused on how educated women who were housewives were dissatisfied which led them to question if that was all that there was to their life. It talked about ending discrimination and led to women enrolling in medical school and pursuing careers. The third wave of feminism dealt with developing the different achievements of women and addressing the issues of race distinction, gender violence and reproductive rights, to name a few. The feministic movement liberated women from pre-conceived gender specific roles and their ability to make their own decisions in all walks of life. It gave women voting rights, employment opportunities and giving them the choice to have a family or not. The feminist movement continues even today with people like Gloria Steinem, Dionne Brand, Hillary Clinton, Kurt Cobain, Betty Ford, Urvashi Vaid, Sandra Oh, Naomi Wolf and Taslima Nasreen to name a few. The Feminist Movement has played a key role for the past century and continues to this day. How to cite Development of Feminism, Papers

Dolls House Victims Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

Doll`s House Victims Essay, Research Paper In what ways do you happen Nora a victim? In what ways at mistake? Nora Helmer, the married woman of Torvald Helmer and female parent of 3 kids, is a really complex and weather adult female for her clip. She plays the chief function in the drama and is indispensable to its secret plan. She is both a victim of her fortunes and besides at mistake for actions which she committed. Nora is a victim. Throughout her full life, she has neer been taken earnestly by anyone. She has been treated like a doll by both male characters in her life, her male parent and her hubby, and has acted consequently. She has believed whatever they have told her without any inquiry because she feared it would anger them. ? At place, Daddy used to state me what he thought, so I thought the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Dolls House Victims Essay Research Paper In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And if I thought otherwise, I kept quiet about it, because he wouldn? Ts have liked it? and he played with me as I used to play with my dolls. Then I came to populate in your house? ? ( Henrik Ibsen: Act III, pg. 1465 ) Therefore, she constructs a life of dishonesty because she encompasses different ethical motives than her hubby, and their heads neer meet. Torvald Helmer has straight rules and knows clearly where he is, where he is traveling and how he is traveling to acquire at that place. Nora has conflicting ends because she does non hold a distinct way for her hereafter and she writes her ain narrative. Nora is at mistake. She makes determinations on her ain, borrows money to salvage her husba neodymium, and makes the determination to hammer her male parent? s signature, and is excited about what she is making which is the worst error. She besides does non follow the expected female behaviour for her clip, which causes her jobs. A good illustration of that would be when she borrowed money from Krogstad. This determination entirely was non even a possibility for a adult female of her clip nor was her determination to borrow without the consent of a male such as her hubby or male parent. Her biggest and most sculpt error is counterfeit of her male parent? s signature on the IOU in effort to save him any concern on his deathbed. She is besides at mistake because she ahs rules which are in struggle with the jurisprudence. An illustration of that would be the mode in which she views that her offense of counterfeit was allowable because she meant good and was non seeking to really perpetrate the offense for her ain benefit, but instead with good purposes. She does non understand that a offense committed is a offense committed whether or non the purposes were good or bad and that she will be held accountable by the jurisprudence regardless of what she feels is right. This drama has many subjects which add to Nora? s character and place such as conflicting values and rules, the gender issue which is the expected male behaviour and the expected female behaviour, and how the female function is disappointing, restricting and false. Are these subjects still concerns for adult females in the present twenty-four hours?

Thorn Birds Essays - The Thorn Birds, Drogheda, Colleen McCullough

Thorn Birds The novel, The Thorn Birds, is a very well written story about a family living in a poorer section of New Zealand whose livelihood is shearing sheep. The money for the family depends almost solely on the sheep. In the family, there is Padraic Cleary (Paddy), the father of the clan. He is a likable man who commands respect from his children and from those who know him. His wife, Fiona Cleary (Fee), is a woman with a past who loves her children, respects her husband but is living in a world that she did not want, but accepted it as her only possible way of life. Then there are Fee and Paddy's children, Frank, Meghann (Meggie), Hughie, Jack, Stuart (Stu), Bob, and the twins, Jims and Patsy, but the story revolves almost entirely around their only girl, Meggie. When Meggie was about 10 years old, Paddy's older sister, Mary Carson, beckoned Paddy to come work for her on her very large, very wealthy ranch in New South Wales, Australia, Drogheda. The family fell in love with Drogheda, even though they had to put up with drought, fire, and a climate that they were not used to. The boys in the family lived for Drogheda, and were the main work force of the ranch, herding sheep and cattle from one paddock to another, and working very hard during the most profitable time of the year, the shearing season, and the most hectic, the lambing season. Paddy was an immigrant from Ireland to New Zealand and was a devout Catholic, along with most Australians. Upon arriving to Drogheda, the Cleary family met Father Ralph, a friend of Mary Carson, a constant visitor to Drogheda, and the local priest of the closest town to Drogheda, Gillabon. The rest of the story rotates around the relationship between Father Ralph who later became Bishop Ralph and finally, Cardinal Ralph, and Meggie. The Cleary family lived through one of the worst droughts in Australia, and the terrible fire that followed, destroying most of Drogheda's outer pastures and killing Paddy, and Stuart in the process. They also had to deal with the problem of rabbits. The rabbits were foreigners to Australia, and once introduced, reproduced out of control due to the fact that there were no natural predators in Australia to kill them. The rabbits, along with the kangaroos, were devouring most of Drogheda's grazing land. Through it all though, Drogheda remained a constant source of pleasure and money for the Cleary family. Meggie had two children, Justine and Dane. Both very different in personality, and in looks. Meggie marries a shearer turned stockman fo Drogheda, Luke O'Neill, and from their marriage, Justine was born. Dane was from another man, but, the father, nor Dane or Justine knew who it was, only Fee and Meggie knew that secret. The author of Thorn Birds, Colleen McCullough, is a highly talented writer. Throughout the novel, she describes the scenery with much detail. She should be an expert on the topic, since New South Wales, Australia is her home. The detail and description of the people and the places, which she goes deeply into, makes the reader feel as if she is actually experiencing the same things as the characters. She goes explains throughly as to how Drogheda is managed and how it looks. Mrs. McCullough definitely knows what she's talking about and her writing shows it. For work with the sheep never, never ended; as one job finished it became time for another. They were mustered and graded, moved from one paddock to another, bred and unbred, shorn and crutched, dipped and drenched, slaughtered and shipped off to be sold. Drogheda carried about a thousand head of prime beef cattle as well as its sheep, but sheep were far more profitable, so in good times Drogheda carried about one sheep for every two acres of its land, or about 125,000 altogether. Being merinos, they were never sold for meat; at the end of a merino's wool-producing years it was shipped off to become skins, lanolin, tallow and glue, useful only to the tanneries and the knackeries. Mrs. McCullough's purpose for writing The Thorn Birds is not entirely clear. She could have written the book to tell about the ways of the Australian people like the outback stockmen. She could have intended to explain what life in Australia is really like, the climate, the animals, etc. Another alternative is that she could have written this novel to talk about the Catholic Church and how man's

Bimetallism Definition and Historical Perspective

Bimetallism Definition and Historical Perspective Bimetallism  is a monetary policy wherein the value of a currency is linked to the value of two metals, usually (but not necessarily) silver and gold. In this system, the value of the two metals would be linked to each other- in other words, the value of silver would be expressed in terms of gold, and  vice versa- and either metal could be used as legal tender.   Paper money  would then be directly convertible to an equivalent amount of either metal- for example, U.S. currency used to explicitly state that the bill was redeemable â€Å"in gold coin payable to the bearer on demand.† Dollars were literally receipts for a quantity of actual metal held by the government, a holdover from the time before paper money was common and standardized. History of Bimetallism From 1792, when the  U.S. Mint was established, until 1900, the United States was a bimetal country, with both silver and gold recognized as legal currency; in fact, you could bring silver or gold to a U.S. mint and have it converted into coins. The U.S. fixed the value of silver to gold as 15:1 (1 ounce of gold was worth 15 ounces of silver; this was later adjusted to 16:1). One problem with  bimetallism  occurs when the face value of a coin is lower than the actual value of the metal it contains. A one-dollar silver coin, for example, might be worth $1.50 on the silver market. These value disparities resulted in a severe silver shortage as people stopped spending silver coins and opted instead to sell them or have them melted down into bullion. In 1853, this shortage of silver prompted the U.S. government to debase its silver coinage- in other words, lowering the amount of silver in the coins. This resulted in more silver coins in circulation. While this stabilized the economy, it also moved the country towards  monometallism  (the use of a single metal in currency)  and the  Gold Standard. Silver was no longer seen as an attractive currency because the coins were not worth their face value. Then, during the  Civil War, hoarding of both gold and silver prompted the United States to temporarily switch to what’s known as â€Å"fiat money.† Fiat money, which is what we use today, is money that the government declares to be legal tender, but thats not backed or convertible to a physical resource like metal.  At this time, the government stopped redeeming paper money for gold or silver. The Debate After the war, the  Coinage Act of 1873  resurrected  the ability to exchange currency for gold- but it eliminated the ability to have silver bullion struck into coins, effectively making the U.S. a Gold Standard country. Supporters of the move (and the Gold Standard) saw stability; instead of having two metals whose value was theoretically linked, but which  in fact fluctuated because foreign countries often valued gold and silver differently than we did, we would have money based on a single metal that the U.S. had plenty of, allowing it to manipulate its market value and keep prices stable. This was controversial for some time, with many arguing that a â€Å"monometal† system limited the amount of money in circulation, making it difficult to obtain loans and deflating prices. This was widely seen by many as benefiting the banks and the rich while hurting farmers and common people, and the solution was seen to be a return to â€Å"free silver†- the ability to convert silver into coins, and true bimetallism. A Depression and a  panic in 1893  crippled the U.S. economy and exacerbated the argument over bimetallism, which came to be seen by some as the solution to all of the United States’ economic troubles. The drama peaked  during the  1896 presidential election. At the National Democratic Convention, eventual nominee  William Jennings Bryan  made his famous  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cross of Gold†Ã‚  speech  arguing for bimetallism. Its success gained him the nomination, but Bryan lost the election to  William McKinley- in part because scientific advances coupled with new sources promised to increase the supply of gold, thus alleviating fears of limited money supplies. The Gold Standard In 1900, President McKinley signed the  Gold Standard Act, which officially made the United States a monometal country, making gold the only metal you could convert paper money into. Silver had lost, and bimetallism was a dead issue in the U.S. The gold standard persisted until 1933, when the  Great Depression  caused people to hoard their gold, thus making the system unstable; President Franklin Delano Roosevelt  ordered all gold and gold certificates to be sold to the government at a fixed price, then Congress changed the laws that required settlement of private and public debts with gold, essentially ending the gold standard here. The currency remained pegged to gold until 1971, when the â€Å"Nixon Shock† made then U.S. currency fiat money once again- as it has remained since.

Optometry Education In Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Optometry Education In Australia - Essay Example The survey was based on information obtained from the personal interview with an optometrist which was a mandatory component of this assignment. The question type survey involved opinions of practitioners in Australia and internationally regarding the educational standards of the current university programs; the need for a national board examination system; and the opinion whether the profession was ensuring competence in practitioners. Also asked in the survey were the questions related to the need for national examination for overseas graduates, and if it is appropriate to conduct periodical mandatory examinations for practitioners. The results of the survey will be referred/referenced to throughout the essay. So what are the educational standards A concern is whether the current optometry programs taught in Australia are appropriate. The four to five year course that leads to the degree of bachelorhood in optometry can then be furthered by undertaking MSc, MOptom, PhD in the same field. Experiments/research has been undertaken to improve the learning process of the students in this regard and new experiments and studies are being conducted. The introduction of WebCT (Web Course Tools) i.e. learning by the help of E-learning by Herse at the undergraduate level has been successful and highly educational to students (Herse ,2003). In another study, Anjou showed written communication that is letters of referral and report between healthcare providers to be one of the most competent means of communications between the health care providers and has insisted in implementing the structure at the graduate level. (Anjou, 2003). An introduction to problem based learning in Queensland University of Technology has also been carried out. (Azer, 2001) These studies are examples of the various techniques being introduced to increase the educational standards in the field of optometry. However, there are many who believe the system is not up to par. Take Carney for instance. Carney holds the view that the current challenges the universities face require a better strategy in education and teaching. He blames the slow legal status of Australia. "We are all aware that to accomplish change in the legal status of the health professions in Australia is a frustratingly slow process." He maintains the need to "further evolve the profession and develop it further. (Carney,2000) Comparing to the USA standards, Carney states that the model of entry-level competency adopted by ASCO (The Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry), should be followed by a similar strategy in Australia to improve its educational standards. Carney believes Australia can reach to the levels of USA and UK (Carney, 2000). The US and UK standards are very good and are globally accepted and appreciated. He also maintains that the scope of the practice cannot be defined by entry level competencies alone (because) and stresses the need for further learning studies after graduation.(Carney ,2000). These skills and attitudes, in the author's view, will necessarily become integral and assessable attributes of graduates of the future. All these points hold merit but there are issues to the contrary.According to